orton gillingham science of reading

2 min read 02-09-2024

The Orton-Gillingham approach is a well-established method for teaching reading and writing, particularly effective for individuals with dyslexia and other learning disabilities. This instructional strategy is grounded in a thorough understanding of the science of reading, which integrates research from linguistics, cognitive psychology, and education.

What is the Orton-Gillingham Approach?

Historical Background

The Orton-Gillingham approach was developed in the 1930s by Dr. Samuel Orton and educator Anna Gillingham. Recognizing that traditional teaching methods often failed students with dyslexia, they created a structured, multisensory method that could accommodate diverse learning styles.

Key Principles

The Orton-Gillingham method is characterized by several key principles:

Multisensory Learning: Engages visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile pathways to enhance memory and learning of written language.
Structured and Sequential: Lessons are organized in a systematic way, building from simple to complex concepts.
Individualized Instruction: Tailors teaching strategies to meet the unique needs of each student.
Emphasis on Phonics: Focuses on the relationships between sounds and letters, helping students understand the structure of language.

The Science of Reading

Understanding Reading Development

Reading is a complex cognitive process that involves several skills, including phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. The science of reading emphasizes:

Phonemic Awareness: The ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in words, which is crucial for reading development.
Phonics Instruction: Teaching the connections between sounds and their corresponding letters or letter patterns.
Fluency: The ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression.
Vocabulary and Comprehension: Developing a rich vocabulary and understanding of text, which are essential for overall reading proficiency.

Research-Based Practices

Numerous studies have validated the effectiveness of the Orton-Gillingham approach in improving reading skills. The approach aligns with evidence-based practices in the science of reading, such as:

Explicit Instruction: Directly teaching reading skills rather than assuming they will be acquired naturally.
Regular Assessment: Monitoring progress to adapt instruction based on student performance.
Diverse Teaching Strategies: Utilizing a variety of methods to address different learning styles and needs.

Benefits of the Orton-Gillingham Approach

The Orton-Gillingham approach offers several benefits for students, especially those with learning differences:

Improved Reading Skills: Many students show significant progress in their reading abilities, allowing them to engage more fully in academic settings.
Increased Confidence: As students become more proficient readers, their self-esteem and confidence in their abilities grow.
Lifelong Learning: The skills acquired through the Orton-Gillingham approach can foster a love for reading and learning that lasts a lifetime.

Conclusion

The Orton-Gillingham approach, rooted in the science of reading, provides an effective framework for teaching reading to students of all abilities. Its multisensory, structured, and individualized nature makes it a powerful tool for educators seeking to support diverse learners. By understanding and implementing the principles of this approach, teachers can make a significant impact on their students' literacy journeys.